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Shame |
Critica de film |
Scris de Ninel Ganea |
Marţi, 27 Martie 2012 08:57 |
“Shame” (2011), filmul lui Steve McQueen, discuta despre dependenta de sex, o tema in buna masura ocultata de contemporani. In general, lumea se sfieste sa vorbeasca despre asta, dupa cum declara intr-un interviu regizorul, ba mai mult, printr-o inversare tipic moderna, vicul a devenit virtute, astfel incat eliberarea prin sexualitate, inculcata din timp prin educatie, televiziune si publicitate, reprezinta “un curaj” si o afirmare a sinelui. Din acest punct de vedere, meritul lui McQueen in alegerea unui astfel de subiect imi pare remarcabil. Insa problema principala a productiei o reprezinta, in opinia mea, absenta unui diagnostic si a unui remediu. Sigur ca filmul nu reprezinta analiza sociala si ar fi absurd sa ai pretentii de tratat moral de la o pelicula. Dar o creatie artistica, iar un film cu atat mai mult, are anumite presupozitii (antropologice, cel putin) ale regizorului si o anumita filozofie morala implicite. De regula, mai ales cand vorbim de filmele independente, “de arta”, ale ultimilor 30 de ani, aceasta etica este una relativist-nihilista in care autorul descrie printr-o succesiune de cadre foarte lungi, in care abunda violenta, non-comunicarea si sexualitatea aberanta, lumea de astazi. Foarte putini cineasti isi asuma manifest aceasta perspectiva, majoritatea preferand optiunea “value free”, declarand ca nu fac altceva decat sa arate un fenomen, fara sa-l judece. Misiune imposibila! Revenind la “Shame”, ceea ce ma nemultumeste in primul rand este tocmai absenta oricaror criterii prin care personajul principal poate fi analizat sub specie morala. Din film reiese ca eroul isi pune serios problema dependentei de sex abia in momentul in care sora sa este aproape de moarte. Insa aceasta solutie, relativ credibila (dependenta se repercuteaza indirect asupra celor apropiati ), nu rezolva sub nicio forma problema de fond. Regizorul afirma ca a vrut sa arate cat de fragili suntem, traind intr-o lume in care oamenii nu mai au vointa proprie. Am putea interpreta aceasta declaratie ca o forma de determinism sau ca o forma de romantism. In ambele cazuri, nu exista nicio varianta prin care sa poti argumenta serios ca dependenta reprezinta o problema personala, in alt sens decat legal. Iar dependenta de sex nu se pedepseste, inca, se incurajeaza. Asa ca daca lumea prezentata de film este una complet amorala, bazata doar pe eficienta materiala, cu personaje fara contururi personale, alienate de orice relatii umane satisfacatoare, de unde provin instrumentele de analiza ale unui caz ca fiind problematic? Cum putem spune ca e ceva gresit in optiunile eroului? In film vedem dificultatile sale, vedem efectele dezastruaoase asupra personalitatilor (pentru cei cu optiuni morale implicite sau explicite) insa pana la final nu primim raspuns la intrebarea esentiala de ce este o problema dependenta de sex? Cineva, nici macar foarte cinic, ar putea raspunde ca in fapt excesul de sex (raportat oricum la cazurile de “normalitate” vaga) constituie aberatia, in rest nefiind mari dificultati psihologice sau materiale. Daca oamenii isi controleaza adecvat instinctele dependenta se transforma in consum regulat, ceea ce e in nota obsinuita a zilelor noastre. De asemenea, “Shame” nu ne da nici macar cel mai mic indiciu de ce ajunge cineva dependent, chiar daca am stabilit ca acest concept este introdus arbitrar, adica nejustificat, in logica filmului. Mai mult, filmul se transforma implicit intr-o invitatie la explorarea dependentei prin abundenta de imagini explicite servite sub pretextul prezentarii “realitatii asa cum e”. Insa nimeni nu are un contact direct, obiectiv cu realitatea. Prezentarea unui personaj gol se face dintr-un unghi anume. Exista multe alte perspective prin care poate fi infatisat. Obiectivitatea clamata de cineast e insa doar un subiectivism servit sub forma de neutralitate.
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